![]() Digital elevation models of craters formed in laboratory experiments were created from stereo pairs of scanning electron microscope images, allowing the size and morphology to be directly compared with the iSALE-3D craters. ![]() In this work, the three-dimensional shock physics code iSALE-3D is validated against laboratory experiments of impacts into a strong, ductile target material. Three-dimensional numerical modeling offers a unique opportunity to study the individual effects of both impact angle and target strength however, a systematic study of these two parameters has not previously been performed. Herein, we test the hypothesis that the threshold for oblique crater asymmetry depends on target material strength. Experimental results at approximately constant impact velocity suggest that the elliptical threshold angle depends on target material properties. Laboratory experiments and numerical models have shown that crater size decreases with impact angle, the along-range crater profile becomes asymmetric at low incidence angles, and below a certain threshold angle the crater planform becomes elliptical. However, many of the effects of obliquity on impact crater size and morphology are poorly understood. Wada, and TDSS team (2015), Numerical simulations of impacts of a half spherical shell projectile on small asteroids, LPS XXXXVI, 1868. Hasegawa (2016), Planetesimal collisions as a heating event for chondrule formation, LPS XXXXVII, 1078. Matsui (2016), Shock vaporization of water ice in an open system investigated using a two-stage light-gas gun, LPS XXXXVII, 1838. Howell (2017), Detection of lunar lava tubes by lunar rader sounder onboard SELENE (Kaguya), LPS XXXXVIII, 1711. Genda (2017), Hydrocode modeling of the material ejection by spallation, LPS XXXXVIII, 1855. Genda (2018), The roles of friction and deformation on impact heating, LPS XLIV, 2513. Genda (2019), Effect of Collisions on Dehydration of Hydrous Materials in Asteroids, LPS L, 1321. Okazaki (2020), The roles of strength on shock-induced devolatilization from calcite, LPS LI, 2055. Matsui (2020), Shock devolatilization of CI chhindrite simulants, LPS LI, 2061. Davison (2020), Jetting during oblique impacts, LPS LI, 2485. Davison (2020), Impactor material as an origin for lunar antipordal magnetic anomalies, LPS LI, 1266. Arakawa, Recovery of shocked samples from ~100 GPa to Hugoniot elastic limit, Meteoritics and Planetary Sciences, 51, 1153-1162. (2016), Impact-induced chemical reactions: Toward understanding the surface environment on the Hadean Earth by using an experimental approach (In Japanese),Chikyu-Kagaku, 50, 135-154. ![]() Hasegawa (2017), Planetesimal collisions as a chondrule forming event, The Astrophysical Journal, 834, 125. Genda (2018), Hydrocode modeling of the spallation process during hypervelocity impacts: Implications for the ejection of Martian meteorites, Icarus, 301, 219-234. Genda (2018), Effects of friction and plastic deformation in shock-comminuted damaged rocks on impact heating, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 620-626. Genda (2018), Collisional Disruption of Planetesimals in the Gravity Regime with iSALE Code: Comparison with SPH code for Purely Hydrodynamic Bodies, Icarus, 314, 121-132. Hasegawa (2018), "Investigation of impact craters on flat surface of cylindrical targets based on experiments and numerical simulations", Planetary and Space Science, 163, 77-82. Takada (2019), Impact cratering mechanics: A forward approach to predicting ejecta velocity distribution and transient crater radii, Icarus, 317, 135-147. Genda (2019), Fates of hydrous materials during planetesimal collisions, Icarus, 328, 58-68. Niihara, Assessment of the probability of microbial contamination for sample return from Martian moons I: Departure of microbes from Martian surface, Life Sciences in Space Research, 23, 73-84. ![]() Enhancement of impact heating in pressureāstrengthened rocks in oblique impacts. Wakita, S., Genda, H., Kurosawa, K., & Davison, T. ![]()
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